Transmission of COVID-19 from mother to unborn child probable: ICMR

Transmission of COVID-19 from mother to unborn child probable: ICMR

PUNE: The probability of transmission of coronavirus from a mother to her unborn baby exists, said a guideline report by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). 

This recent ‘Guidance for Management of Pregnant Women in COVID-19 Pandemic’, issued by the ICMR further noted that there is emerging evidence now that vertical transmission, i.e., mother to child transmission antenatally is probable, although the proportion of pregnancies affected and the significance to the neonate has yet to be determined.

“At present, there are no recorded cases of vaginal secretions and breast milk being tested positive for COVID-19,” states the report.

As per the guidelines issued by the ICMR, it states that despite this, transmission after birth via contact with infectious respiratory secretions is a concern.

“Medical facilities should consider temporarily separating the mother who has confirmed COVID-19 from her baby until the mother’s transmission-based precautions are discontinued,” stated the report.

Sharing similar views, Dr Mukta Paul, Consultant - Obstetrician and Gynecologist at city-based Columbia Asia Hospital said that pregnant mother can’t transmit coronavirus to their child during or after childbirth as till now there is no evidence of the virus in amniotic fluid which rules out pre-birth infection. 

“However, breastfeeding mothers who are infected should wear a mask when near their baby, wash their hands before and after feeding and disinfect contaminated surfaces regularly. If a mother is too ill to breastfeed, she should be encouraged to express milk for the baby, while taking all necessary precautions as breast milk is essential for child’s immunity and growth,” said Dr Paul.

PREVENTION POSSIBLE
Dr Vandana Khanijo, a Senior Gynaecologist, at Jehangir Hospital, said that vertical transmission of COVID-19 from mother to fetus could be prevented by protecting the mother. 

“Healthy diet and regular exercise at home will boost health. Frequent hand hygiene and social distancing still remains the cornerstone of prevention. Isolation from anyone having respiratory infections at home is important. Delivery should be conducted in hospitals taking full precaution. All affected or suspected mothers should be isolated and delivered in specially designated areas with a Pediatrician or neonatologist in attendance. Neonatal screening can be done as per guidelines,” added Dr Khanijo.

Sharing her insights, Dr Archana Dhawan Bajaj, Gynaecologist, Obstetrician and IVF Expert, Nurture IVF Centre added, “At the time of birth, if the mother is too ill, then she should be assisted with breast milk extraction. Breastfeed is very effective against infectious diseases as it transmits antibodies and offers important immunity to the newly born,” said Dr Bajaj.

TO DOS

  • Restrict their movement to the home and avoid people who are sick
  • Wash hands with soap often and keep them sanitised
  • Avoid large social meetings/gatherings, even home functions
  • Do not travel overseas
  • Immediately contact the physician if you observe any flu symptoms

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